This dataset includes three data files for linking species' climate sensitivity, trait combinations, and listing status. It contains species occurrence data within Hydrologic Unit Code 12 (HUC12) watersheds, along with trait information and Rarity and Climate Sensitivity (RCS) index scores for lotic caddisflies, stoneflies, mussels, dragonflies, and crayfish across all Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center states: Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. For mussels, the geographic scope is expanded to include all Midwest Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN) states—North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Kentucky. However, occurrence data for mussels is not included due to data-sharing agreements. Metadata are included with each data file. Please refer to the associated manuscript for original data sources, trait references, and details on the RCS index calculation.